Heparin and SARS-CoV-2: Multiple Pathophysiological Links

Viruses

Michele Del Guercio¹  Maurizio Lombardi²  Walter Pacelli²  Gaetano Piccinocchi³  Vincenzo Mandaliti³  Saverio Annunziata³  Pierpaolo Di Micco⁴  Vincenzo Russo⁵  Egidio Imbalzano⁶  Luana Orlando⁶  Gianluca Di Micco⁷  Emilio Attena⁸  Giuseppe Camporese⁹ 

[1] Angiology Outpatients Clinic, 80122 Naples, Italy;Cardiocenter Outpatients Clinic, 80121 Naples, Italy;Comegen Oupatients Clinic, 80124 Naples, Italy;Department of Medicine, Buon Consiglio Fatebenefratelli Hospital of Naples, 80122 Naples, Italy;Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”—Monaldi Hospital, Piazzale Ettore Ruggeri, 80131 Naples, Italy;Dipartimento Di ClinicaMedica E Farmacologia, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Buon Consiglio, Fatebenefratelli, 80122 Naples, Italy;Division of Cardiology, San Giuliano Hospital, 80014 Giugliano in Campania, Italy;Unit of Angiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Padua University, 35100 Padua, Italy;

关键词: COVID-19;    heparins;    low molecular weight heparin;    fondaparinux;    bleedings;    venous thromboembolism;   

DOI  :  10.3390/v13122486

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, has been one of most used drugs to fight the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Pharmacological properties of heparin recognize its specific ability, as with other oligosaccharides and glycosaminoglycan, to bind several types of viruses during their pass through the extracellular matrix of the respiratory tract, as well as its anticoagulant activity to prevent venous thromboembolism. Antithrombotic actions of enoxaparin have been testified both for inpatients with COVID-19 in regular ward and for inpatients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Prophylactic doses seem to be able to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in inpatients in the regular ward, while intermediate or therapeutic doses have been frequently adopted for inpatients with COVID-19 in ICU. On the other hand, although we reported several useful actions of heparin for inpatients with COVID-19, an increased rate of bleeding has been recorded, and it may be related to several conditions such as underlying diseases with increased risks of bleeding, increased doses or prolonged administration of heparin, personal trend to bleed, and so on.

【 授权许可】

Unknown