Mammal Biochronology (Land Mammal Ages) Around the World From Late Miocene to Middle Pleistocene and Major Events in Horse Evolutionary History

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution

Eric Scott¹  Lawrence Flynn²  Advait Jukar³  Omar Cirilli⁴  Lorenzo Rook⁵  Raymond L. Bernor⁶  Leonardo S. Avilla⁷  William Sanders⁸  Xiaoming Wang⁹ 

[1] Department of Biology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, United States;Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States;Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States;Dottorato di Ricerca in Scienze Della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy;Earth Sciences Department Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy;Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States;Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, United States;

关键词: Equus evolutionary history;    biochronology;    land mammal ages;    Late Neogene;    dispersal events;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fevo.2019.00278

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Biochronology is important to vertebrate chronology because the primary temporal units developed and applied by vertebrate paleontologists for correlation of terrestrial deposits (Land Mammal Ages, LMA) are all biochronologic units. Specific mammal biochronologic scales have been developed for Europe (MN units or ELMA), Asia (ALMA), North America (NALMA), and South America (SALMA). Each timescale is based on land mammal first appearances and characteristic associations on different continental landmasses. Herein, we summarize and review the bases for recognizing mammalian biochronologic units with the most recent update of the Land Mammal Ages. We correlate these ages with the global magnetochronostratigraphic and geochronologic time scales including the major equid evolutionary events of the last 8 million years.

【 授权许可】

Unknown