The Impact of Vertical Salinity Gradient on Non-Line-of-Sight Underwater Optical Wireless Communication

IEEE Photonics Journal

Yujian Guo¹  Boon S. Ooi¹  Omar Alkhazragi¹  Meiwei Kong¹  Mohammed Sait¹  Tien Khee Ng¹ 

[1] Photonics Laboratory, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia;

关键词: Non-line-of-sight;    turbulence;    salinity;    underwater optical communication;   

DOI  :  10.1109/JPHOT.2021.3121169

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The non-line-of-sight (NLOS) underwater communication can offer a viable route in signal propagation and coverage, thus mitigating the pointing, acquisition, and tracking difficulties in line-of-sight optical communication. However, implementing the NLOS link is non-trivial. While the NLOS technique relies on light scattering, i.e., channel turbulence can facilitate NLOS communication, the associated path-loss (PL) can be significant. Signal fading can degrade link robustness, which arises due to ocean water temperature and salinity fluctuation and gradients. To evaluate the robustness of NLOS in natural waters, we systematically measure the link metrics, such as the bit error ratio, PL, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), of water bodies of uniform and nonuniform vertical salinity ranging from 30–40‰ (part-per-thousand). We found that salinity-induced turbulence can establish NLOS communication with PL reduction of 2.35 dB/m and SNR increase by 32.5$\%$ for dynamic water. Furthermore, a strong correlation was obtained between the strength of signal fluctuations and the received SNR. Finally, we obtained a Gaussian distribution of the statistical scintillation behavior. These results demonstrated the benefit of using the NLOS regime for underwater wireless sensor networks for aiding designers and engineers.

【 授权许可】

Unknown