Brain-Computer Interfaces Systems for Upper and Lower Limb Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review

Sensors

Stefano Mazzoleni¹  Mauro Callejas-Cuervo²  Daniela Camargo-Vargas³ 

[1] Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy;School of Computer Science, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150002, Colombia;Software Research Group, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150002, Colombia;

关键词: brain computer interfaces (BCIs);    electroencephalography (EEG);    rehabilitation;    upper limb;    lower limb;    virtual reality;   

DOI  :  10.3390/s21134312

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

In recent years, various studies have demonstrated the potential of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals for the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in the rehabilitation of human limbs. This article is a systematic review of the state of the art and opportunities in the development of BCIs for the rehabilitation of upper and lower limbs of the human body. The systematic review was conducted in databases considering using EEG signals, interface proposals to rehabilitate upper/lower limbs using motor intention or movement assistance and utilizing virtual environments in feedback. Studies that did not specify which processing system was used were excluded. Analyses of the design processing or reviews were excluded as well. It was identified that 11 corresponded to applications to rehabilitate upper limbs, six to lower limbs, and one to both. Likewise, six combined visual/auditory feedback, two haptic/visual, and two visual/auditory/haptic. In addition, four had fully immersive virtual reality (VR), three semi-immersive VR, and 11 non-immersive VR. In summary, the studies have demonstrated that using EEG signals, and user feedback offer benefits including cost, effectiveness, better training, user motivation and there is a need to continue developing interfaces that are accessible to users, and that integrate feedback techniques.

【 授权许可】

Unknown