2,2’4,4’-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether (PBDE-47) Modulates the Intracellular miRNA Profile, sEV Biogenesis and Their miRNA Cargo Exacerbating the LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Response in THP-1 Macrophages

Frontiers in Immunology

Laura La Paglia¹  Massimo La Rosa¹  Alfonso Urso¹  Antonino Fiannaca¹  Valeria Longo²  Paolo Colombo²  Fabio Cibella²  Alessandra Longo²  Sabrina Picciotto²  Giorgia Adamo²  Antonella Bongiovanni²  Daniele Romancino² 

[1] High Performance Computing and Networking Institute, National Research Council of Italy (ICAR-CNR), Palermo, Italy;Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy;

关键词: flame retardant;    THP-1 macrophage;    small extracellular vesicle;    microRNA;    LPS;    cytokines;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fimmu.2021.664534

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The 2,2’4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) is one of the most prominent PBDE congeners detected in the environment and in animal and human tissues. Animal model experiments suggested the occurrence of PBDE-induced immunotoxicity leading to different outcomes and recently we demonstrated that this substance can impair macrophage and basophil activities. In this manuscript, we decided to further examine the effects induced by PBDE-47 treatment on innate immune response by looking at the intracellular expression profile of miRNAs as well as the biogenesis, cargo content and activity of human M(LPS) macrophage cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Microarray and in silico analysis demonstrated that PBDE-47 can induce some epigenetic effects in M(LPS) THP-1 cells modulating the expression of a set of intracellular miRNAs involved in biological pathways regulating the expression of estrogen-mediated signaling and immune responses with particular reference to M1/M2 differentiation. In addition to the cell-intrinsic modulation of intracellular miRNAs, we demonstrated that PBDE-47 could also interfere with the biogenesis of sEVs increasing their number and selecting a de novo population of sEVs. Moreover, PBDE-47 induced the overload of specific immune related miRNAs in PBDE-47 derived sEVs. Finally, culture experiments with naïve M(LPS) macrophages demonstrated that purified PBDE-47 derived sEVs can modulate macrophage immune response exacerbating the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response inducing the overexpression of the IL-6 and the MMP9 genes. Data from this study demonstrated that PBDE-47 can perturb the innate immune response at different levels modulating the intracellular expression of miRNAs but also interfering with the biogenesis, cargo content and functional activity of M(LPS) macrophage cell-derived sEVs.

【 授权许可】

Unknown