Crotalus Durissus Ruruima: Current Knowledge on Natural History, Medical Importance, and Clinical Toxinology

Frontiers in Immunology

Wuelton M. Monteiro¹  Vanderson Sampaio¹  Andreas H. Laustsen²  Marco A. Sartim³  Fan Hui Wen⁴  Anderson Maciel Rocha⁵  Isadora S. Oliveira⁶  Felipe A. Cerni⁶  Isabela G. Ferreira⁶  Jacqueline Sachett⁸  Eliseu A. Sandri⁹  Paulo Sérgio Bernarde^1,10  Manuela B. Pucca^1,11  Patrik F. Viana^1,12  Raimundo Erasmo Souza Farias^1,12 

[1] 0Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil;1Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;2Institute of Biological Sciences, Amazonas Federal University, Manaus, Brazil;Antivenom Production Section, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil;Biology Department, Cathedral Faculty of Higher Education, Boa Vista, Brazil;Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil;Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil;Department of Teaching and Research, Alfredo da Matta Foundation, Manaus, Brazil;Insikiram Institute of Indigenous Higher Studies, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil;Laboratório de Herpetologia, Centro Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, Brazil;Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil;National Institute of Amazonian Research, Biodiversity Coordination, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Manaus, Brazil;

关键词: Crotalus durissus;    Crotalus durissus ruruima;    rattlesnake;    snakebite;    envenoming;    venom;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fimmu.2021.659515

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Crotalus durissus ruruima is a rattlesnake subspecies mainly found in Roraima, the northernmost state of Brazil. Envenomings caused by this subspecies lead to severe clinical manifestations (e.g. respiratory muscle paralysis, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure) that can lead to the victim’s death. In this review, we comprehensively describe C. d. ruruima biology and the challenges this subspecies poses for human health, including morphology, distribution, epidemiology, venom cocktail, clinical envenoming, and the current and future specific treatment of envenomings by this snake. Moreover, this review presents maps of the distribution of the snake subspecies and evidence that this species is responsible for some of the most severe envenomings in the country and causes the highest lethality rates. Finally, we also discuss the efficacy of the Brazilian horse-derived antivenoms to treat C. d. ruruima envenomings in Roraima state.

【 授权许可】

Unknown