Spatiotemporal pH Heterogeneity as a Promoter of Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance

Cancers

RobertR. Flavell¹  DavidE. Korenchan¹ 

[1] Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;

关键词: tumor microenvironment;    interstitial pH;    acidosis;    tumor heterogeneity;    magnetic resonance imaging;    hyperpolarized ¹³C MRI;    carbonic anhydrase;    lactic acid;    positron emission tomography;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cancers11071026

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Dysregulation of pH in solid tumors is a hallmark of cancer. In recent years, the role of altered pH heterogeneity in space, between benign and aggressive tissues, between individual cancer cells, and between subcellular compartments, has been steadily elucidated. Changes in temporal pH-related processes on both fast and slow time scales, including altered kinetics of bicarbonate-CO₂ exchange and its effects on pH buffering and gradual, progressive changes driven by changes in metabolism, are further implicated in phenotypic changes observed in cancers. These discoveries have been driven by advances in imaging technologies. This review provides an overview of intra- and extracellular pH alterations in time and space reflected in cancer cells, as well as the available technology to study pH spatiotemporal heterogeneity.

【 授权许可】

Unknown