Safe Hb Concentration Measurement during Bladder Irrigation Using Artificial Intelligence

Sensors

Xiaoying Tan¹  Gerd Reis¹  Dominik Stephan Schoeb²  Arkadiusz Miernik²  Lea Kraft²  Mehmet Yilmaz² 

[1] Department Augmented Vision, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;Medical Centre, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;

关键词: hemoglobin sensor;    bladder irrigation monitor;    absorption near infrared;    artificial intelligence;    bubble detection;   

DOI  :  10.3390/s21175723

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

We have developed a sensor for monitoring the hemoglobin ($Hb$) concentration in the effluent of a continuous bladder irrigation. The $Hb$ concentration measurement is based on light absorption within a fixed measuring distance. The light frequency used is selected so that both arterial and venous $Hb$ are equally detected. The sensor allows the measurement of the $Hb$ concentration up to a maximum value of 3.2 g/dL (equivalent to ≈20% blood concentration). Since bubble formation in the outflow tract cannot be avoided with current irrigation systems, a neural network is implemented that can robustly detect air bubbles within the measurement section. The network considers both optical and temporal features and is able to effectively safeguard the measurement process. The sensor supports the use of different irrigants (salt and electrolyte-free solutions) as well as measurement through glass shielding. The sensor can be used in a non-invasive way with current irrigation systems. The sensor is positively tested in a clinical study.

【 授权许可】

Unknown