Mixed Contaminants: Occurrence, Interactions, Toxicity, Detection, and Remediation

Molecules

Kaviyarasi Renu¹  Mohamed El-Sherbiny²  Mohamed Ahmed Eladl³  Sabariswaran Kandasamy⁴  Anirban Goutam Mukherjee⁵  Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari⁵  Sandra Kannampuzha⁵  Madurika Ravichandran⁵  Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan⁵  Dalia Mahmoud Abdelmonem Elsherbini⁶  Aarthi Sukumar⁷  Balachandar Vellingiri⁸ 

[1] Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 71666, Saudi Arabia;Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;Department of Biomass and Energy Conversion, Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India;Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India;Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia;Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India;Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India;

关键词: contaminant;    biomarkers;    pollution;    remediation;    microorganisms;   

DOI  :  10.3390/molecules27082577

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The ever-increasing rate of pollution has attracted considerable interest in research. Several anthropogenic activities have diminished soil, air, and water quality and have led to complex chemical pollutants. This review aims to provide a clear idea about the latest and most prevalent pollutants such as heavy metals, PAHs, pesticides, hydrocarbons, and pharmaceuticals—their occurrence in various complex mixtures and how several environmental factors influence their interaction. The mechanism adopted by these contaminants to form the complex mixtures leading to the rise of a new class of contaminants, and thus resulting in severe threats to human health and the environment, has also been exhibited. Additionally, this review provides an in-depth idea of various in vivo, in vitro, and trending biomarkers used for risk assessment and identifies the occurrence of mixed contaminants even at very minute concentrations. Much importance has been given to remediation technologies to understand our current position in handling these contaminants and how the technologies can be improved. This paper aims to create awareness among readers about the most ubiquitous contaminants and how simple ways can be adopted to tackle the same.

【 授权许可】

Unknown