Physiologists against Theology: Science as a source of Secularization in ideology of scientific materialism in the 19th century

Вестник Православного Свято-Тихоновского гуманитарного университета: Серия I. Богословие, философия

Vladislav Razdyakonov¹ 

[1] Учебно-научный Центр изучения религий;

关键词: материализм;    наука;    религия;    теология;    секуляризация;    XIX столетие;   

DOI  :  http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturI201774.27-43

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Jacob Moleschott (1822–1893), Karl Vogt (1817–1895) and Ludwig Buchner (1824–1899) are known as most notorious German spokesmen on behalf of “Science” in the mid —19th century. They are labelled in Russian historiography as “vulgar materialists” and are contrasted with dialectical materialists in their attitude to philosophy and science. This article shows how they used scientifi c conceptions of human physiology for the validation of their socio-political views, in particular on the role of religion in society and on the gradual secularisation of society. The article proposes critical reassessment of the category “vulgar materialists”, typical of current Russian historiography. It also aims to demonstrate their attitude to theology, philosophy, science and religion as main categories of their discourse. Finally, the article analyses scientifi c arguments in favour of the evolutionary development of society as well as reasons for the rejection of revolutionary practice. Although both “scientifi c materialism” and “scientifi c naturalism” do not meet the criteria of scientifi c ideology, scientifi c activity promotes secularisation by means of the extrapolation of its results to the social and political spheres.

【 授权许可】

Unknown