The Optimized N, P, and K Fertilization for Bermudagrass Integrated Turf Performance during the Establishment and Its Importance for the Sustainable Management of Urban Green Spaces

Sustainability

Longqing Chen¹  Muhammad Owais Shahid²  Siyad Ali³  Bingyang Lv⁴  Yinggao Liu⁴  Mohammad Sarraf⁴  Shiliang Liu⁴  Qibing Chen⁴  Muhammad Ihtisham⁴  Nawab Khan⁵ 

[1] College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China;College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China;College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China;

关键词: bermudagrass turf management;    sustainable agriculture;    optimized fertilization;    NPK;    sustainable developmental goals;    CCRD;   

DOI  :  10.3390/su122410294

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers) turf is the most widely used turfgrass in urban landscapes. Large amounts of fertilizer are usually applied for maximum turf performance, while relatively little attention has been paid to efficient nutrient management of bermudagrass turf. The design opted for was a 3-factor and 5-level Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) consisting of 24 experimental runs in the greenhouse with response surface methodology (RSM) and simulated regression modeling. The experiment covered in this study was carried out at Sichuan Agricultural University with the objectives of understanding the interactive effects of nitrogen, (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization on the bermudagrass integrated turf performance (ITP) and optimizing the amount of N, P, and K required for optimum turf performance during establishment. The qualitative and quantitative relationships between bermudagrass and fertilization significantly affected the ITP. The N, P, and K Fertilization significantly influenced the percent grass cover, turf height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and total chlorophyll content. Fertilization with N and P significantly enhanced the tiller length, turf density, color, and total protein levels. Root length was augmented with the application of P and K. We found that 3-D surface plots indicated significant interactive effects of NP, NK, and PK on the ITP. A simulation optimization and frequency analysis indicated that the optimal combined amounts of these nutrients were N: 26.0–27.6 g m⁻², P: 24.2–26.4 g m^–2, and K: 3.1–5.0 g m^–2 during the establishment phase. The results suggest that optimized fertilization is key to sustainable nutrient management of bermudagrass integrated turf performance.

【 授权许可】

Unknown