Prospects and Challenges for T Cell-Based Therapies of HCC

Cells

Norman Woller¹  Sophie Anna Engelskircher¹  Thomas Wirth¹  Heiner Wedemeyer¹ 

[1] Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;

关键词: immune checkpoint inhibition;    hepatocellular carcinoma;    tumor surveillance;    immunotherapy;    T cell responses;    treatment failure;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cells10071651

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The scope of therapeutic options for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has recently been expanded by immunotherapeutic regimens. T cell-based therapies, especially in combination with other treatments have achieved far better outcomes compared to conventional treatments alone. However, there is an emerging body of evidence that eliciting T cell responses in immunotherapeutic approaches is insufficient for favorable outcomes. Immune responses in HCC are frequently attenuated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) or may even support tumor progress. Hence, therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive cell therapies appear to necessitate additional modification of the TME to unlock their full potential. In this review, we focus on immunotherapeutic strategies, underlying molecular mechanisms of CD8 T cell immunity, and causes of treatment failure in HCC of viral and non-viral origin. Furthermore, we provide an overview of TME features in underlying etiologies of HCC patients that mediate therapy resistance to checkpoint inhibition and discuss strategies from the literature concerning current approaches to these challenges.

【 授权许可】

Unknown