Removal of Cadmium and Chromium by Mixture of Silver Nanoparticles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose Isolated from Waste Peels of Citrus Sinensis

Polymers

FekriAbdulraqeb Ahmed Ali¹  MarinaMS Cabral-Pinto²  KrishnaKumar Yadav³  Mansour Alhoshan⁴  Javed Alam⁴  ArunKumar Shukla⁴  VirendraKumar Yadav⁵  Neha Tavker⁶ 

[1] Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;Geobiotec Research Centre, Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi 284128, India;King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;School of Lifesciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur 302017, India;School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India;

关键词: citrus sinensis;    nano-fibrillated cellulose;    silver nanoparticles;    acid hydrolysis;    heavy metal sorption;   

DOI  :  10.3390/polym13020234

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) was extracted by a chemical method involving alkali and acid hydrolysis. The characterisation of the citrus sinensis fruit peel bran and nano-fibrillated cellulose was performed by XRD, FTIR, TEM, and FESEM. XRD confirmed the phase of NFC which showed monoclinic crystal with spherical to rod shape morphology with a size of 44–50 nm. The crystallinity index of treated NFC increased from 39% to 75%. FTIR showed the removal of lignin and hemicellulose from waste peels due to the alkaline treatment. Silver nanoparticles were also synthesised by utilizing extract of citrus sinensis skins as a reducing agent. Pharmaceutical effluent samples from an industrial area were tested by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Out of the four metals obtained, cadmium and chromium were remediated by silver nanoparticles with nano-fibrillated cellulose via simulated method in 100 mg/L metal-salt concentrations over a time period of 160 min. The highest removal efficiency was found for cadmium, i.e., 83%, by using silver and NFC together as adsorbents. The second highest was for chromium, i.e., 47%, but by using only NFC. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were well fitted for the sorption of Cd (II) and Cr (II) with suitable high R² values during kinetic simulation. Thus, the isolation of NFC and synthesis of silver nanoparticles proved efficient for heavy metal sorption by the reuse of waste skins.

【 授权许可】

Unknown