Ecological Niches and Suitability Areas of Three Host Pine Species of Bark Beetle Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins

Forests

FátimaM. Méndez-Encina¹  Rocío Mendieta-Oviedo¹  Jorge Méndez-González¹  JoséÓ. M. López-Díaz¹  JuanA. Nájera-Luna² 

[1] Departamento Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico;Instituto Tecnológico de El Salto, El Salto 34942, Mexico;

关键词: Dendroctonus mexicanus;    ecological niche models;    kuenm;    Maxent;    niche overlap;    Pinus;   

DOI  :  10.3390/f12040385

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Bark beetles are a natural part of coniferous forests. Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins is the most widely distributed and most destructive bark beetle in Mexico, colonizing more than 21 pine species. The objectives of this study were to generate ecological niche models for D. mexicanus and three of its most important host species, to evaluate the overlap of climate suitability of the association Dendroctonus–Pinus, and to determine the possible expansion of the bark beetle. We used meticulously cleaned species occurrence records, 15 bioclimatic variables and ‘kuenm’, an R package that uses Maxent as a modeling algorithm. The Dendroctonus–Pinus ecological niches were compared using ordination methods and the kernel density function. We generated 1392 candidate models; not all were statistically significant (α = 0.05). The response type was quadratic; there is a positive correlation between suitability and precipitation, and negative with temperature, the latter determining climatic suitability of the studied species. Indeed, a single variable (Bio 1) contributed 93.9% to the model (Pinus leiophylla Schl. & Cham). The overlap of suitable areas for Dendroctonus–Pinus is 74.95% (P. leiophylla) and on average of 46.66% in ecological niches. It is observed that D. mexicanus begins to expand towards climates not currently occupied by the studied pine species.

【 授权许可】

Unknown