Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: Real-Time Quaking Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC) assay represents a major diagnostic advance

European Journal of Histochemistry

Giuseppe Bufano¹  Giorgio Giaccone¹  Fabio Moda¹  Federico Angelo Cazzaniga²  Chiara Maria GiuliaDe Luca²  Edoardo Bistaffa²  Antonio Indaco² 

[1] Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neurology 5–Neuropathology, Milan, Italy;Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neurology 5–Neuropathology, Milan;

关键词: Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease;    olfactory mucosa;    cerebrospinal fluid;    neurodegeneration;    peripheral biomarkers;    prion;   

DOI  :  10.4081/ejh.2021.3298

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disorder with an incidence of 1.5 to 2 cases per million population/year. The disease is caused by a proteinaceous infectious agent, named prion (or PrPSc), which arises from the conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC). Once formed, PrPSc interacts with the normally folded PrPC coercing it to undergo similar structural rearrangement. The disease is highly heterogeneous from a clinical and neuropathological point of view. The origin of this variability lies in the aberrant structures acquired by PrPSc. At least six different sCJD phenotypes have been described and each of them is thought to be caused by a peculiar PrPSc strain. Definitive sCJD diagnosis requires brain analysis with the aim of identifying intracerebral accumulation of PrPSc which currently represents the only reliable biomarker of the disease. Clinical diagnosis of sCJD is very challenging and is based on the combination of several clinical, instrumental and laboratory tests representing surrogate disease biomarkers. Thanks to the advent of the ultrasensitive Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC) assay, PrPSc was found in several peripheral tissues of sCJD patients, sometimes even before the clinical onset of the disease. This discovery represents an important step forward for the clinical diagnosis of sCJD. In this manuscript, we present an overview of the current applications and future perspectives of RT-QuIC in the field of sCJD diagnosis.

【 授权许可】

Unknown