Equivalence of Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Operation of SAW Resonators and Delay Lines

Sensors

Phillip Durdaut¹  Michael Höft¹  Enrico Rubiola²  Jean-Michel Friedt² 

[1] Chair of Microwave Engineering, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany;FEMTO-ST Institute, Department of Time and Frequency, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), and CNRS, ENSMM, 26 Rue de l’Épitaphe, 25000 Besançon, France;

关键词: delay line;    frequency detection;    open-loop vs. closed-loop;    phase detection;    phase noise;    phase-sensitive sensors;    readout systems;    resonator;    SAW sensors;   

DOI  :  10.3390/s19010185

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors in the form of two-port resonators or delay lines are widely used in various fields of application. The readout of such sensors is achieved by electronic systems operating either in an open-loop or in a closed-loop configuration. The mode of operation of the sensor system is usually chosen based on requirements like, e.g., bandwidth, dynamic range, linearity, costs, and immunity against environmental influences. Because the limit of detection (LOD) at the output of a sensor system is often one of the most important figures of merit, both readout structures, i.e., open-loop and closed-loop systems, are analyzed in terms of the minimum achievable LOD. Based on a comprehensive phase noise analysis of these structures for both resonant sensors and delay line sensors, expressions for the various limits of detection are derived. Under generally valid conditions, the equivalence of open-loop and closed-loop operation is shown for both types of sensors. These results are not only valid for SAW devices, but are also applicable to all kinds of phase-sensitive sensors.

【 授权许可】

Unknown