Long-Term and Seasonal Changes in Sources of Urban Atmospheric Particulates in the Western Pacific

Applied Sciences

Akira Toriba¹  Ning Tang²  Kazuichi Hayakawa³ 

[1] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-cho, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan;Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, O-24 Wake-machi, Nomi 923-1224, Japan;

关键词: combustion-derived particulate;    vehicle emission;    coal combustion;    Western Pacific;    NP method;   

DOI  :  10.3390/app12042149

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

To reduce atmospheric pollutants, the sources need to be identified. To this end, combustion-derived particulates (P_c) in atmospheric suspended particulate matter (TSP) in ten Western Pacific cities from 1997 to 2018 were analyzed using the NP method, which we have recently developed. The method separates P_c into particulates originating from high-temperature (P_h) and low-temperature (P_l) combustion sources. Using this method, ten cities in the Asia-Pacific region were separated into three classes. Class 1: commercial cities whose major contributor to P_c was from vehicles, and which showed lower [P_c] values with larger [P_h]/[P_c] ratios. Sapporo, Kanazawa, Tokyo, Sagamihara (Japan), Shanghai (China), and Busan (Korea) were contained in this class. Class 2: cities whose main source of P_c was from coal heating, and which showed much higher winter [P_c] with larger [P_l]/[P_c] ratios. Beijing, Shenyang (China), and Vladivostok (Russia) were contained in this class. Class 3: steel manufacturing city which showed lower [P_c] with larger [P_l]/[P_c] ratio. The low [P_c] appeared to be due to elimination of P_l from coke oven plants. Only Kitakyushu was contained in this class. This study has elucidated the contribution of sources to urban atmospheric TSP in the Western Pacific that was previously unknown. Overall [P_c] was decreasing in this region, mainly due to the decreasing contribution of vehicles to P_c, but not due to a decrease in coal combustion.

【 授权许可】

Unknown