CLAFS, a Holistic Climatic-Ecological-Anthropogenic Hypothesis on Easter Island's Deforestation and Cultural Change: Proposals and Testing Prospects

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution

Raymond Bradley¹  Alberto Sáez²  Sergi Pla-Rabes³  Olga Margalef³  Encarni Montoya⁴  Valentí Rull⁴  Santiago Giralt⁴  Irantzu Seco⁴  Núria Cañellas-Boltà⁴  William D'Andrea⁵ 

[1]Climate System Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States

[2]Department of Earth and Ocean Dynamics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

[3]Ecological Research Center and Forestry Applications, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

[4]Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, ICTJA, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain

[5]Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States

关键词: Easter Island;    Rapa Nui;    radiocarbon dating;    age-depth model;    last millennium;    deforestation;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fevo.2018.00032

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

This paper reviews the existing hypotheses concerning the cultural shift from the Ancient Cult (AC) to the Birdman Cult (BC) that occurred on Easter Island (Rapa Nui) during the last millennium and introduces a holistic new hypothesis called CLAFS (Climate-Landscape-Anthropogenic Feedbacks and Synergies), which considers a variety of potential drivers of cultural change and their interactions. The CLAFS hypothesis can be tested with future paleoecological studies on new sedimentary sequences such as the new continuous and coherent record encompassing the last millennium from Rano Kao (KAO08-03) using a combination of pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP), charcoal, and fecal lipid analyses, at decadal to multidecadal resolution. The Kao record should be compared with other continuous records of the last millennium available for the two other freshwater bodies of the island, Rano Aroi and Rano Raraku, to obtain an island-wide perspective of spatio-temporal deforestation patterns in relation to climatic shifts and human activities. The CLAFS hypothesis predicts that the shift from the AC to the BC was associated with the drying out and deforestation of Rano Raraku (the center of the AC) by ~1,570 CE, followed by human migration to Rano Kao (the social center of the BC), where freshwater and forests were still available. Under the CLAFS scenario, this migration would have occurred by ~1,600 CE. Findings to the contrary would require modification and refinement, or outright rejection, of the CLAFS hypothesis and the consideration of alternate hypotheses compatible with new paleoecological evidence. Regardless the final results, archeological evidence will be required to link climatic and ecological events with cultural developments.

【 授权许可】

Unknown