Oxidative Stress in the Local and Systemic Events of Apical Periodontitis

Frontiers in Physiology

Marcela Hernández¹  Rolando Vernal¹  Patricia Hernández-Ríos²  Pirkko J. Pussinen⁴ 

[1] Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile;Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;

关键词: apical periodontitis;    apical lesion;    ROS;    oxidative stress;    atherosclerosis;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fphys.2017.00869

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory disorders. Apical periodontitis (AP) usually results in the formation of an osteolytic apical lesion (AL) caused by the immune response to endodontic infection. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytic cells in response to bacterial challenge represent an important host defense mechanism, but disturbed redox balance results in tissue injury. This mini review focuses on the role of oxidative stress in the local and associated systemic events in chronic apical periodontitis. During endodontic infection, ligation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on phagocytes' surface triggers activation, phagocytosis, synthesis of ROS, activation of humoral and cellular responses, and production of inflammatory mediators, such as, cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The increment in ROS perturbs the normal redox balance and shifts cells into a state of oxidative stress. ROS induce molecular damage and disturbed redox signaling, that result in the loss of bone homeostasis, increased pro-inflammatory mediators, and MMP overexpression and activation, leading to apical tissue breakdown. On the other hand, oxidative stress has been strongly involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, where a chronic inflammatory process develops in the arterial wall. Chronic AP is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and especially atherogenesis. The potential mechanisms linking these diseases are also discussed.

【 授权许可】

Unknown