Changes in Stem Cell Regulation and Epithelial Organisation during Carcinogenesis and Disease Progression in Gynaecological Malignancies

Cancers

卷:13

Fabian Trillsch¹  Mirjana Kessler¹  Sven Mahner¹  Christina Fotopoulou²  Paula Cunnea²  Jennifer Ploski² 

[1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377 Munich, Germany;

[2] Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK;

关键词: ovarian cancer;    endometrial cancer;    cervical cancer;    patient-derived organoids;    cancer stem cells;    Wnt signalling;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cancers13133349

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Gynaecological malignancies represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with vastly different aetiology, risk factors, molecular drivers, and disease outcomes. From HPV-driven cervical cancer where early screening and molecular diagnostics efficiently reduced the number of advanced-stage diagnosis, prevalent and relatively well-treated endometrial cancers, to highly aggressive and mostly lethal high-grade serous ovarian cancer, malignancies of the female genital tract have unique presentations and distinct cell biology features. Recent discoveries of stem cell regulatory mechanisms, development of organoid cultures, and NGS analysis have provided valuable insights into the basic biology of these cancers that could help advance new-targeted therapeutic approaches. This review revisits new findings on stemness and differentiation, considering main challenges and open questions. We focus on the role of stem cell niche and tumour microenvironment in early and metastatic stages of the disease progression and highlight the potential of patient-derived organoid models to study key events in tumour evolution, the appearance of resistance mechanisms, and as screening tools to enable personalisation of drug treatments.

【 授权许可】

Unknown