Mechanisms of Primary and Secondary Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer

Medical Sciences

卷:7

Danny Sam¹  Tiffany Seto¹  Minggui Pan¹ 

[1] Internal Medicine Residency Program;

关键词: Immune checkpoint inhibitor;    Primary resistance;    Secondary resistance;    Cancer immunotherapy;    PD1;    PD-L1;    T cells;    TCR;    CTLA4.;   

DOI  :  10.3390/medsci7020014

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis) have revolutionized cancer therapy with broad activities against a wide range of malignancies. However, in many malignancies their efficacy remains limited due to the primary resistance. Furthermore, a high percentage of patients develop progression due to the secondary resistance even after obtaining a response or achieving a stable disease. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms that underlie the primary and secondary resistance to ICPis in cancer immunotherapy and provide an overview to impart a broad understanding of the critical issues that are encountered in clinical oncology practice.

【 授权许可】

Unknown