Improvement and Re-Evolution of Tetraploid Wheat for Global Environmental Challenge and Diversity Consumption Demand

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

卷:23

Qier Liu¹  Hang Liu¹  Jingjuan Zhang¹  Wujun Ma¹  Fan Yang¹  Wuyun Yang²  Yonghong Zhou³ 

[1] Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia;

[2] Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS), Chengdu 610066, China;

[3] Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;

关键词: wheat domestication;    genetic diversity;    durum wheat;    improvement and re-evolution;    introgressive hybridization;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms23042206

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Allotetraploid durum wheat is the second most widely cultivated wheat, following hexaploid bread wheat, and is one of the major protein and calorie sources of the human diet. However, durum wheat is encountered with a severe grain yield bottleneck due to the erosion of genetic diversity stemming from long-term domestication and especially modern breeding programs. The improvement of yield and grain quality of durum wheat is crucial when confronted with the increasing global population, changing climate environments, and the non-ignorable increasing incidence of wheat-related disorders. This review summarized the domestication and evolution process and discussed the durum wheat re-evolution attempts performed by global researchers using diploid einkorn, tetraploid emmer wheat, hexaploid wheat (particularly the D-subgenome), etc. In addition, the re-evolution of durum wheat would be promoted by the genetic enrichment process, which could diversify allelic combinations through enhancing chromosome recombination (pentaploid hybridization or pairing of homologous chromosomes gene Ph mutant line induced homoeologous recombination) and environmental adaptability via alien introgressive genes (wide cross or distant hybridization followed by embryo rescue), and modifying target genes or traits by molecular approaches, such as CRISPR/Cas9 or RNA interference (RNAi). A brief discussion of the future perspectives for exploring germplasm for the modern improvement and re-evolution of durum wheat is included.

【 授权许可】

Unknown