Extremophilic Exopolysaccharides: Biotechnologies and Wastewater Remediation

Frontiers in Microbiology

卷:12

Rajesh K. Sani¹  Aparna Banerjee²  Tanvi Govil⁴  Shrabana Sarkar⁵  Rajib Bandopadhyay⁵  David R. Salem⁷  Patricio González-Faune⁸  Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas⁹ 

[1] BuGReMeDEE Consortium, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, United States;

[2] Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile;

[3] Centro de investigación en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación Y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile;

[4] Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing – Biomaterials Center, Rapid City, SD, United States;

[5] Department of Botany, UGC-Center of Advanced Study, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, India;

[6] Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City, SD, United States;

[7] Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City, SD, United States;

[8] Escuela Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile;

[9] Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Coronel, Chile;

关键词: bioremediation;    commercialization;    environment;    exopolysaccharide;    extremophile;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmicb.2021.721365

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Various microorganisms thrive under extreme environments, like hot springs, hydrothermal vents, deep marine ecosystems, hyperacid lakes, acid mine drainage, high UV exposure, and more. To survive against the deleterious effect of these extreme circumstances, they form a network of biofilm where exopolysaccharides (EPSs) comprise a substantial part. The EPSs are often polyanionic due to different functional groups in their structural backbone, including uronic acids, sulfated units, and phosphate groups. Altogether, these chemical groups provide EPSs with a negative charge allowing them to (a) act as ligands toward dissolved cations as well as trace, and toxic metals; (b) be tolerant to the presence of salts, surfactants, and alpha-hydroxyl acids; and (c) interface the solubilization of hydrocarbons. Owing to their unique structural and functional characteristics, EPSs are anticipated to be utilized industrially to remediation of metals, crude oil, and hydrocarbons from contaminated wastewaters, mines, and oil spills. The biotechnological advantages of extremophilic EPSs are more diverse than traditional biopolymers. The present review aims at discussing the mechanisms and strategies for using EPSs from extremophiles in industries and environment bioremediation. Additionally, the potential of EPSs as fascinating biomaterials to mediate biogenic nanoparticles synthesis and treat multicomponent water contaminants is discussed.

【 授权许可】

Unknown