Sensor-as-a-Service: Convergence of Sensor Analytic Point Solutions (SNAPS) and Pay-A-Penny-Per-Use (PAPPU) Paradigm as a Catalyst for Democratization of Healthcare in Underserved Communities

Diagnostics

卷:10

Victoria Morgan¹  Eric McLamore¹  ShoumenPalit Austin Datta¹  David Bahamon-Pinzon²  Kelli McCourt²  Sunaina Shrestha³  Nisha Pote³  Nirajan Bhusal⁴  EvangelynC. Alocilja⁴  RubenKenny Briceno⁵  DianaC. Vanegas⁶  Carmen Gomes⁷  RobertG. Hjort⁷  Lisseth Casso-Hartmann⁸  Irene Velez-Torres⁸  Sahar Bahramzadeh⁹ 

[1] Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;

[2] Biosystems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA;

[3] Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University, Kavrepalanchok 45200, Nepal;

[4] Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;

[5] Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13100, Peru;

[6] Interdisciplinary Group for Biotechnological Innovation and Ecosocial Change BioNovo, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760026, Colombia;

[7] Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;

[8] Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760026, Colombia;

[9] School of Computer Engineering, Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Saveh 11369, Iran;

关键词: sensor analytic point solutions (snaps);    environmental health;    poverty;    pay-a-penny-per-use (pappu);    public health;   

DOI  :  10.3390/diagnostics10010022

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

In this manuscript, we discuss relevant socioeconomic factors for developing and implementing sensor analytic point solutions (SNAPS) as point-of-care tools to serve impoverished communities. The distinct economic, environmental, cultural, and ethical paradigms that affect economically disadvantaged users add complexity to the process of technology development and deployment beyond the science and engineering issues. We begin by contextualizing the environmental burden of disease in select low-income regions around the world, including environmental hazards at work, home, and the broader community environment, where SNAPS may be helpful in the prevention and mitigation of human exposure to harmful biological vectors and chemical agents. We offer examples of SNAPS designed for economically disadvantaged users, specifically for supporting decision-making in cases of tuberculosis (TB) infection and mercury exposure. We follow-up by discussing the economic challenges that are involved in the phased implementation of diagnostic tools in low-income markets and describe a micropayment-based systems-as-a-service approach (pay-a-penny-per-use—PAPPU), which may be catalytic for the adoption of low-end, low-margin, low-research, and the development SNAPS. Finally, we provide some insights into the social and ethical considerations for the assimilation of SNAPS to improve health outcomes in marginalized communities.

【 授权许可】

Unknown