Wastewater Treatment Using Constructed Wetland: Current Trends and Future Potential

Processes

卷:9

Shaikh A Razzak¹  Saidur R. Chowdhury²  Ikrema Hassan³  Perdana K. Prihartato⁴ 

[1] Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;

[2] Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Dhahran 34754, Saudi Arabia;

[3] Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia;

[4] Environmental Scientist, Saudi Arabia Oil Company, Dhahran 34464, Saudi Arabia;

关键词: constructed wetland;    wastewater;    plants;    microorganisms;    remediation;    degradation;   

DOI  :  10.3390/pr9111917

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Constructed wetlands (CW) is an environmentally friendly technique for removing pollutants from wastewater and has been applied to municipal wastewater, petroleum refinery wastewater, agriculture drainage, acid mine drainage, etc. The past decade has seen a remarkable number of innovations in the exponentially growing field of microbiology. This manuscript covers a critical review of key aspects of CW, such as various types of CW, the contaminants and their removal mechanisms, degradation pathways, challenges and opportunities, materials, applications, and theory with a focus on recent advances in the last three decades. In addition, an attempt has been taken to project future advances in the field of CW and facilitate these advances by framing key unsolved problems in CW. Guidelines are prepared for the fast-growing CW field through the standardization of key design aspects. This review covers the evaluation of the current state-of-the-art of CW technology and provides definitions and performance metric nomenclature in an effort to unify the fast-growing CW community. It also contains an outlook on the emerging trends in CW and proposes future research and development directions.

【 授权许可】

Unknown