Inflammatory Mechanisms of HCC Development

Cancers

卷:12

Vito Guerra¹  BrianIrving Carr²  MariaGrazia Refolo³  Rosalba D’Alessandro³  Caterina Messa³ 

[1] Clinical Trial Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy;

[2] Department of Liver Cancer Biology, Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkey;

[3] Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Clinical Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy;

关键词: cancer etiology;    chronic inflammation;    immunosurveillance;    immunosuppression;    hcc;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cancers12030641

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with several etiologic causes, mostly inflammation-associated. Different inflammatory responses in the liver can be triggered by different etiological agents. The inflammatory process can be resolved or be persistent, depending on the etiology and multiple other factors. Chronic inflammation, tissue remodeling, genetic alterations, and modifications in cellular signaling are considered to be key processes promoting immunosuppression. The progressive immunosuppression leads to the inactivation of anti-tumor immunity involved in HCC carcinogenesis and progression. Tumor cellular processes including DNA damage, necrosis, and ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress can affect both immune-surveillance and cancer-promoting inflammation, supporting a mutual interdependence. Here, we review the current understanding of how chronic liver injury and inflammation is triggered and sustained, and how inflammation is linked to HCC. The identification of many hepatic microenvironmental inflammatory processes and their effector molecules, has resulted in extensive translational work and promising clinical trials of new immunomodulatory agents.

【 授权许可】

Unknown