Molecular Landscape of LncRNAs in Prostate Cancer: A focus on pathways and therapeutic targets for intervention

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research

卷:41

Sepideh Mirzaei¹  Ali Zarrabi²  Kiavash Hushmandi³  Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh⁴  Mehrdad Hashemi⁴  Navid Rabiee⁵  Alan Prem Kumar⁶  Elena Okina⁶  Esmaeel Sharifi⁷  Yuzhuo Wang⁸  Noushin Nabavi⁸  Milad Ashrafizadeh⁹  Mohammad Hossein Gholami¹⁰  Azuma Kalu¹¹  Hassan Karimi-Maleh¹² 

[1] Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch;

[2] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University;

[3] Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran;

[4] Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University;

[5] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH);

[6] Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore;

[7] Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences;

[8] Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia;

[9] Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University;

[10] Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University;

[11] School of Life, Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University;

[12] School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China;

关键词: Prostate cancer;    Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA);    MicroRNA;    Drug resistance;    Immune evasion;    Exosome;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s13046-022-02406-1

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Background One of the most malignant tumors in men is prostate cancer that is still incurable due to its heterogenous and progressive natures. Genetic and epigenetic changes play significant roles in its development. The RNA molecules with more than 200 nucleotides in length are known as lncRNAs and these epigenetic factors do not encode protein. They regulate gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels. LncRNAs play vital biological functions in cells and in pathological events, hence their expression undergoes dysregulation. Aim of review The role of epigenetic alterations in prostate cancer development are emphasized here. Therefore, lncRNAs were chosen for this purpose and their expression level and interaction with other signaling networks in prostate cancer progression were examined. Key scientific concepts of review The aberrant expression of lncRNAs in prostate cancer has been well-documented and progression rate of tumor cells are regulated via affecting STAT3, NF-κB, Wnt, PI3K/Akt and PTEN, among other molecular pathways. Furthermore, lncRNAs regulate radio-resistance and chemo-resistance features of prostate tumor cells. Overexpression of tumor-promoting lncRNAs such as HOXD-AS1 and CCAT1 can result in drug resistance. Besides, lncRNAs can induce immune evasion of prostate cancer via upregulating PD-1. Pharmacological compounds such as quercetin and curcumin have been applied for targeting lncRNAs. Furthermore, siRNA tool can reduce expression of lncRNAs thereby suppressing prostate cancer progression. Prognosis and diagnosis of prostate tumor at clinical course can be evaluated by lncRNAs. The expression level of exosomal lncRNAs such as lncRNA-p21 can be investigated in serum of prostate cancer patients as a reliable biomarker.

【 授权许可】

Unknown