Impact of dexamethasone on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: a propensity-matched cohort study

Critical Care

卷:26

Massimiliano Greco¹  Giacomo Bellani²  Amedeo Guzzardella³  Alessandra Bandera³  Antonio Muscatello³  Gianpaola Monti⁴  Vittorio Scaravilli⁵  Giacomo Grasselli⁵  Virginia Beltrama⁵  Antonio Pesenti⁵  Fabiana Madotto⁶ 

[1] Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS;

[2] Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, San Gerardo Hospital ASST Monza;

[3] Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan;

[4] Dipartimento di Anestesia e Rianimazione, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda;

[5] Dipartimento di Anestesia, Rianimazione ed Emegenza Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico;

[6] IRCCS Multimedica, Value-Based Health Care Unit;

关键词: COVID-19;    Ventilator-associated pneumonia;    Intensive care unit;    Hospital-acquired infections;    Corticosteroids;    Critical care;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s13054-022-04049-2

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Objective To assess the impact of treatment with steroids on the incidence and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. Design Propensity-matched retrospective cohort study from February 24 to December 31, 2020, in 4 dedicated COVID-19 Intensive Care Units (ICU) in Lombardy (Italy). Patients Adult consecutive mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients were subdivided into two groups: (1) treated with low-dose corticosteroids (dexamethasone 6 mg/day intravenous for 10 days) (DEXA+); (2) not treated with corticosteroids (DEXA−). A propensity score matching procedure (1:1 ratio) identified patients' cohorts based on: age, weight, PEEP Level, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, non-respiratory Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), C reactive protein plasma concentration at admission, sex and admission hospital (exact matching). Intervention Dexamethasone 6 mg/day intravenous for 10 days from hospital admission. Measurements and main results Seven hundred and thirty-nine patients were included, and the propensity-score matching identified two groups of 158 subjects each. Eighty-nine (56%) DEXA+ versus 55 (34%) DEXA− patients developed a VAP (RR 1.61 (1.26–2.098), p = 0.0001), after similar time from hospitalization, ICU admission and intubation. DEXA+ patients had higher crude VAP incidence rate (49.58 (49.26–49.91) vs. 31.65 (31.38–31.91)VAP*1000/pd), (IRR 1.57 (1.55–1.58), p < 0.0001) and risk for VAP (HR 1.81 (1.31–2.50), p = 0.0003), with longer ICU LOS and invasive mechanical ventilation but similar mortality (RR 1.17 (0.85–1.63), p = 0.3332). VAPs were similarly due to G+ bacteria (mostly Staphylococcus aureus) and G− bacteria (mostly Enterobacterales). Forty-one (28%) VAPs were due to multi-drug resistant bacteria. VAP was associated with almost doubled ICU and hospital LOS and invasive mechanical ventilation, and increased mortality (RR 1.64 [1.02–2.65], p = 0.040) with no differences among patients' groups. Conclusions Critically ill COVID-19 patients are at high risk for VAP, frequently caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, and the risk is increased by corticosteroid treatment. Trial registration: NCT04388670, retrospectively registered May 14, 2020.

【 授权许可】

Unknown