A Critical Review of Alkaline Flooding: Mechanism, Hybrid Flooding Methods, Laboratory Work, Pilot Projects, and Field Applications

Energies

卷:15

Faraz Sufyan¹  Abdelaziz L. Khlaifat²  Duaa Dakhlallah³ 

[1] Department of Petroleum Technology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;

[2] Department of Petroleum and Energy Engineering, School of Sciences & Engineering, American University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt;

[3] Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences & Engineering, American University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt;

关键词: enhanced oil recovery;    alkaline flooding;    interfacial tension;    surfactant;    polymer;    low salinity brine;   

DOI  :  10.3390/en15103820

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Over time, the dependence on oil has increased to meet industrial and domestic needs. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques in this regard have captured immense growth as EOR is not only used to increase the oil recovery but also to augment the sweep efficiency. Several techniques over the past decades have been used to improve oil recovery with cost-effectiveness. Cost-effective alkaline flooding has been effective for those oil reservoirs with a high total acid number. In this review, the significance of alkaline flooding has been discussed in detail, as well as the features of alkaline flooding in comparison to other modes of flooding. This review entails (1) alkaline flooding, (2) hybrid modes of injection, (3) experimental work, (4) pilot projects, (5) screening criteria, and (6) field applications. The findings of this study can help increase the understanding of alkaline flooding and provide a holistic view of the hybrid modes of flooding.

【 授权许可】

Unknown