Differential Effects of Whole Red Raspberry Polyphenols and Their Gut Metabolite Urolithin A on Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

卷:18

Mahaa Albusharif¹  AmandaE. Ramer-Tait¹  Luke Polenz²  Virginia Chaidez²  AshleyMulcahy Toney²  Soonkyu Chung²  Duncan Works²  Stacie Schlange² 

[1] Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;

[2] Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;

关键词: red raspberry polyphenols;    urolithin A;    ellagic acid;    neuroinflammation;    microglia;    inflammation;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph18010068

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Whole red raspberry polyphenols (RRW), including ellagic acid, and their gut-derived metabolite, urolithin A (UroA), attenuate inflammation and confer health benefits. Although results from recent studies indicate that polyphenols and UroA also provide neuroprotective effects, these compounds differ in their bioavailability and may, therefore, have unique effects on limiting neuroinflammation. Accordingly, we aimed to compare the neuroprotective effects of RRW and UroA on BV-2 microglia under both 3 h and 12 and 24 h inflammatory conditions. In inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ATP stimulation after 3 h, RRW and UroA suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and regulated the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. UroA also reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression and promoted M2 microglial polarization. During inflammatory conditions induced by either 12 or 24 h stimulation with LPS, UroA—but not RRW—dampened pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and suppressed JNK/c-Jun signaling. Taken together, these results demonstrate that RRW and its gut-derived metabolite UroA differentially regulate neuroprotective responses in microglia during 3 h versus 12 and 24 h inflammatory conditions.

【 授权许可】

Unknown