Pathogenesis of sarcopenia and the relationship with fat mass: descriptive review

Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle

卷:13

Song‐lin Yu¹  Chun‐wei Li²  Kang Yu²  Chao Li³  Gao‐shan Liu⁴  Rong‐ji Liu⁵  Long‐yu Xu⁶  Hui‐jun Liu⁷  Xin‐yuan Zhang⁸  Ling‐juan Jiang⁹  Taoyan Liu¹⁰  Wenwu Ma¹⁰  Shilin Ma¹⁰  Wenhua Cao¹⁰  Hefan Miao¹⁰  Zongmin Jiang¹⁰  Lanfang Luo¹⁰  Lu Guang¹⁰  Ruirui Liu¹⁰  Ng Shyh‐Chang¹⁰  Kun Liang¹⁰ 

[1] Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China;

[2] Department of Clinical Nutrition & Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China;

[3] Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University China (Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin China;

[4] Department of Health Education Shijingshan Center for Disease Prevention and Control Beijing China;

[5] Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China;

[6] Department of Sport Physiatry, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China;

[7] Department of nursing & Clinical Nutrition, Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing China;

[8] Department of stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China;

[9] Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China;

[10] State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China;

关键词: Sarcopenia;    Obesity;    Proto‐sarcopenia;    Myosteatosis;    Insulin resistance;    Inflammation;   

DOI  :  10.1002/jcsm.12901

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Age‐associated obesity and muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) are intimately connected and are reciprocally regulated by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle dysfunction. During ageing, adipose inflammation leads to the redistribution of fat to the intra‐abdominal area (visceral fat) and fatty infiltrations in skeletal muscles, resulting in decreased overall strength and functionality. Lipids and their derivatives accumulate both within and between muscle cells, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbing β‐oxidation of fatty acids, and enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to lipotoxicity and insulin resistance, as well as enhanced secretion of some pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In turn, these muscle‐secreted cytokines may exacerbate adipose tissue atrophy, support chronic low‐grade inflammation, and establish a vicious cycle of local hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation that spreads systemically, thus promoting the development of sarcopenic obesity (SO). We call this the metabaging cycle. Patients with SO show an increased risk of systemic insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, associated chronic diseases, and the subsequent progression to full‐blown sarcopenia and even cachexia. Meanwhile in many cardiometabolic diseases, the ostensibly protective effect of obesity in extremely elderly subjects, also known as the ‘obesity paradox’, could possibly be explained by our theory that many elderly subjects with normal body mass index might actually harbour SO to various degrees, before it progresses to full‐blown severe sarcopenia. Our review outlines current knowledge concerning the possible chain of causation between sarcopenia and obesity, proposes a solution to the obesity paradox, and the role of fat mass in ageing.

【 授权许可】

Unknown