Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Pathological States

Engineering

卷:3

Ole H. Nielsen¹  Junfang Wu²  Yulan Wang²  Baohong Wang³  Xiangyang Jiang³  Huiru Tang⁴ 

[1] Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1017, Denmark;

[2] Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;

[3] National Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China;

[4] State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai International Center for Molecular Phenomics, Shanghai 200433, China;

关键词: Gut microbes;    Diseases;    Microbial modulation;   

DOI  :  10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.013

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The human microbiota is an aggregate of microorganisms residing in the human body, mostly in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Our gut microbiota evolves with us and plays a pivotal role in human health and disease. In recent years, the microbiota has gained increasing attention due to its impact on host metabolism, physiology, and immune system development, but also because the perturbation of the microbiota may result in a number of diseases. The gut microbiota may be linked to malignancies such as gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. It may also be linked to disorders such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); obesity and diabetes, which are characterized as “lifestyle diseases” of the industrialized world; coronary heart disease; and neurological disorders. Although the revolution in molecular technologies has provided us with the necessary tools to study the gut microbiota more accurately, we need to elucidate the relationships between the gut microbiota and several human pathologies more precisely, as understanding the impact that the microbiota plays in various diseases is fundamental for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide the reader with an updated overview of the importance of the gut microbiota for human health and the potential to manipulate gut microbial composition for purposes such as the treatment of antibiotic-resistant Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infections. The concept of altering the gut community by microbial intervention in an effort to improve health is currently in its infancy. However, the therapeutic implications appear to be very great. Thus, the removal of harmful organisms and the enrichment of beneficial microbes may protect our health, and such efforts will pave the way for the development of more rational treatment options in the future.

【 授权许可】

Unknown