Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Past a Shrinking Cylinder with Prescribed Surface Heat Flux

Symmetry

卷:12

AbdulRahman Mohd Kasim¹  NurulAmira Zainal²  Iskandar Waini²  Khairum Hamzah²  NajiyahSafwa Khashi’ie² 

[1] Centre for Mathematical Sciences, College of Computing & Applied Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia;

[2] Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia;

关键词: hybrid nanofluid;    permeable cylinder;    stretching/shrinking;    heat flux;    dual solutions;   

DOI  :  10.3390/sym12091493

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

This numerical study was devoted to examining the occurrence of non-unique solutions in boundary layer flow due to deformable surfaces (cylinder and flat plate) with the imposition of prescribed surface heat flux. The hybrid Al${}_2$O${}_3$-Cu/water nanofluid was formulated using the single phase model with respective correlations of hybrid nanofluids. The governing model was simplified by adopting a similarity transformation. The transformed differential equations were then numerically computed using the efficient bvp4c solver with the ranges of the control parameters $0.5\%\le {\varphi }_1,{\varphi }_2\le 1.5\%$ (Al${}_2$O${}_3$ and Cu volumetric concentration), $0\le K\le 0.2$ (curvature parameter), $2.6<S\le 3.2$ (suction parameter) and $-2.5<\lambda \le 0.5$ (stretching/shrinking parameter). Dual steady solutions are presentable for both a cylinder $(K>0)$ and a flat plate $(K=0)$ with the inclusion of only the suction (transpiration) parameter. The real and stable solutions were mathematically validated through the stability analysis. The Al${}_2$O${}_3$-Cu/water nanofluid with ${\varphi }_1=0.5\%$ (alumina) and ${\varphi }_2=1.5\%$ (copper) has the highest skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rate, followed by the hybrid nanofluids with volumetric concentrations $({\varphi }_1=1\%,{\varphi }_2=1\%)$ and $({\varphi }_1=1.5\%,{\varphi }_2=0.5\%)$, respectively. Surprisingly, the flat plate surface abates the separation of boundary layer while it enhances the heat transfer process.

【 授权许可】

Unknown