Managed Retreat as Adaptation Option: Investigating Different Resettlement Approaches and Their Impacts—Lessons from Metro Manila

Sustainability

卷:13

Joern Birkmann¹  Hannes Lauer¹  MarioDelos Reyes² 

[1] Institute of Spatial and Regional Planning (IREUS), University of Stuttgart, 70049 Stuttgart, Germany;

[2] School of Urban and Regional Planning (SURP), University of the Philippines, Quezon City 1101, Philippines;

关键词: managed retreat;    resettlement;    climate change;    hazards;    informal settlements;    urban development;   

DOI  :  10.3390/su13020829

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Managed retreat has become a recommended adaptation strategy for hazard-prone coastal cities. The study aimed to improve considerations for the contextual factors that influence the success of managed retreat and resettlement projects in Metro Manila. Data were collected through a mixed-method approach consisting of a screening of relevant literature, a qualitative case analysis of resettlement projects, and a workshop series with Philippine stakeholders. It turned out that the resettlement of informal settlers is a central element of urban development. Though in-city resettlement is preferred, the majority of existing and planned projects are developed in off-city locations. The findings present a nuanced view of different retreat approaches. Not all in-city resettlements are successful, and the unpopular off-city projects have a potentially important role for urban and regional development. A strategic planning thread to develop concepts for qualitative off-city settlements that counteract uncontrolled urban sprawl with monofunctional residential areas for urban poor people was deduced. The other thread asks for pathways for inner-city development with innovative, vertical, in-city projects. A final observation was that climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic are worsening the situation in informal settlements, thus strengthening the argument for the planned decentralization of Metro Manila’s congested urban areas.

【 授权许可】

Unknown