Is a Zirconia Dental Implant Safe When It Is Available on the Market?

Ceramics

卷:2

Fei Zhang¹  BenediktChristopher Spies²  Katarina Frigan²  Jérôme Chevalier³ 

[1] Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven B-3000, Belgium;

[2] Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-14197 Berlin, Germany;

[3] Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, MATEIS UMR CNRS 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, CEDEX, France;

关键词: zirconia;    ceramics;    dental implants;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ceramics2040044

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The market share of zirconia (ZrO₂) dental implants is steadily increasing. This material comprises a polymorphous character with three temperature-dependent crystalline structures, namely monoclinic (m), tetragonal (t) and cubic (c) phases. Special attention is given to the tetragonal phase when maintained in a metastable state at room temperature. Metastable tetragonal grains allow for the beneficial phenomenon of Phase Transformation Toughening (PTT), resulting in a high fracture resistance, but may lead to an undesired surface transformation to the monoclinic phase in a humid environment (low-temperature degradation, LTD, often referred to as ‘ageing’). Today, the clinical safety of zirconia dental implants by means of long-term stability is being addressed by two international ISO standards. These standards impose different experimental setups concerning the dynamic fatigue resistance of the final product (ISO 14801) or the ageing behavior of a standardized sample (ISO 13356) separately. However, when evaluating zirconia dental implants pre-clinically, oral environmental conditions should be simulated to the extent possible by combining a hydrothermal treatment and dynamic fatigue. For failure analysis, phase transformation might be quantified by non-destructive techniques, such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) or Raman spectroscopy, whereas Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of cross-sections or Focused Ion Beam (FIB) sections might be used for visualization of the monoclinic layer growth in depth. Finally, a minimum load should be defined for static loading to fracture. The purpose of this communication is to contribute to the current discussion on how to optimize the aforementioned standards in order to guarantee clinical safety for the patients.

【 授权许可】

Unknown