An Integrated Approach for Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Subtropical Agricultural Soils, Eastern China

Land

卷:10

Yan Li¹  Jianzhen Zhang²  Guojun Jiang²  Ping Li²  Xuefeng Xie²  Tao Wu²  Fei Xu³  Lijie Pu⁴ 

[1] Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;

[2] College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China;

[3] Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China;

[4] School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;

关键词: soil heavy metals;    positive definite matrix factor analysis;    absolute principal component–multiple linear regression;    health risk assessment;   

DOI  :  10.3390/land10101016

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Unreasonable human activities may cause the accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in the agricultural soil, which will ultimately threaten the quality of soil environment, the safety of agricultural products, and human health. Therefore, the accumulation characteristics, potential sources, and health risks of HMs in agricultural soils in China’s subtropical regions were investigated. The mean Hg, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations of agricultural soil in Jinhua City have exceeded the corresponding background values of Zhejiang Province, while the mean concentrations of determined 8 HMs were less than their corresponding risk-screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land in China. The spatial distribution of As, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Pb were generally distributed in large patches, and Hg, Zn, and Cd were generally sporadically distributed. A positive definite matrix factor analysis (PMF) model had better performance than an absolute principal component–multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model in the identification of major sources of soil HMs, as it revealed higher R² value (0.81–0.99) and lower prediction error (−0.93–0.25%). The noncarcinogenic risks (HI) of the 8 HMs to adults and children were within the acceptable range, while the carcinogenic risk (RI) of children has exceeded the safety threshold, which needs to be addressed by relevant departments. The PMF based human health risk assessment model indicated that industrial sources contributed the highest risk to HI (32.92% and 30.47%) and RI (60.74% and 61.5%) for adults and children, followed by agricultural sources (21.34%, 29.31% and 32.94% 33.19%). Therefore, integrated environmental management should be implemented to control and reduce the accumulation of soil HMs from agricultural and industrial sources.

【 授权许可】

Unknown