Morphological Heterogeneity of the Endoplasmic Reticulum within Neurons and Its Implications in Neurodegeneration

Cells

卷:10

Eija Jokitalo¹  Sreesha Sree¹  Mikko Airavaara²  Ilmari Parkkinen²  Anna Their² 

[1] Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;

[2] Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;

关键词: neuronal endoplasmic reticulum;    neurodegeneration;    dopaminergic neurons;    endoplasmic reticulum subdomains;    sporadic neurodegeneration;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cells10050970

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multipurpose organelle comprising dynamic structural subdomains, such as ER sheets and tubules, serving to maintain protein, calcium, and lipid homeostasis. In neurons, the single ER is compartmentalized with a careful segregation of the structural subdomains in somatic and neurite (axodendritic) regions. The distribution and arrangement of these ER subdomains varies between different neuronal types. Mutations in ER membrane shaping proteins and morphological changes in the ER are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases implying significance of ER morphology in maintaining neuronal integrity. Specific neurons, such as the highly arborized dopaminergic neurons, are prone to stress and neurodegeneration. Differences in morphology and functionality of ER between the neurons may account for their varied sensitivity to stress and neurodegenerative changes. In this review, we explore the neuronal ER and discuss its distinct morphological attributes and specific functions. We hypothesize that morphological heterogeneity of the ER in neurons is an important factor that accounts for their selective susceptibility to neurodegeneration.

【 授权许可】

Unknown