Dysregulation of Multiple Signaling Neurodevelopmental Pathways during Embryogenesis: A Possible Cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cells

卷:10

Jeevan Patra¹  Jyoti Upadhyay¹  Mohd Nazam Ansari²  Wasim Ahmad³  Nidhi Tiwari⁴  Nilima Salankar⁵ 

[1] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Energy Acre Campus Bidholi, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India;

[2] Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;

[3] Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia;

[4] Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Delhi 110054, India;

[5] School of Computer Sciences, Energy Acre Campus Bidholi, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India;

关键词: autism spectrum disorder;    Asperger’s syndrome;    neuropathological alterations;    hedgehog signaling pathway;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cells10040958

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Understanding the autistic brain and the involvement of genetic, non-genetic, and numerous signaling pathways in the etiology and pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complex, as is evident from various studies. Apart from multiple developmental disorders of the brain, autistic subjects show a few characteristics like impairment in social communications related to repetitive, restricted, or stereotypical behavior, which suggests alterations in neuronal circuits caused by defects in various signaling pathways during embryogenesis. Most of the research studies on ASD subjects and genetic models revealed the involvement of mutated genes with alterations of numerous signaling pathways like Wnt, hedgehog, and Retinoic Acid (RA). Despite significant improvement in understanding the pathogenesis and etiology of ASD, there is an increasing awareness related to it as well as a need for more in-depth research because no effective therapy has been developed to address ASD symptoms. Therefore, identifying better therapeutic interventions like “novel drugs for ASD” and biomarkers for early detection and disease condition determination are required. This review article investigated various etiological factors as well as the signaling mechanisms and their alterations to understand ASD pathophysiology. It summarizes the mechanism of signaling pathways, their significance, and implications for ASD.

【 授权许可】

Unknown