Some Molecular and Cellular Stress Mechanisms Associated with Neurodegenerative Diseases and Atherosclerosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

卷:22

VictoriaA. Khotina¹  MargaritaA. Sazonova¹  MarinaD. Sazonova¹  AnastasiaI. Ryzhkova¹  IgorA. Sobenin¹  VasilyV. Sinyov¹  VasilyP. Karagodin¹  TatianaV. Kirichenko¹  AlexanderN. Orekhov¹  NatalyaA. Doroschuk²  ZukhraB. Khasanova² 

[1] Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia;

[2] Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia;

关键词: chronic stress;    oxidative stress;    genotoxic stress;    cellular stress;    mutation;    gene;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms22020699

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Chronic stress is a combination of nonspecific adaptive reactions of the body to the influence of various adverse stress factors which disrupt its homeostasis, and it is also a corresponding state of the organism’s nervous system (or the body in general). We hypothesized that chronic stress may be one of the causes occurence of several molecular and cellular types of stress. We analyzed literary sources and considered most of these types of stress in our review article. We examined genes and mutations of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and also molecular variants which lead to various types of stress. The end result of chronic stress can be metabolic disturbance in humans and animals, leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, energy deficiency in cells (due to a decrease in ATP synthesis) and mitochondrial dysfunction. These changes can last for the lifetime and lead to severe pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. The analysis of literature allowed us to conclude that under the influence of chronic stress, metabolism in the human body can be disrupted, mutations of the mitochondrial and nuclear genome and dysfunction of cells and their compartments can occur. As a result of these processes, oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular stress can occur. Therefore, chronic stress can be one of the causes forthe occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. In particular, chronic stress can play a large role in the occurrence and development of oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular types of stress.

【 授权许可】

Unknown