SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Extrapolation for COVID Diagnosis and Vaccine Development

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences

卷:8

Phelipe M. Duarte¹  Balasubramanian Ganesh³  Sina Salajegheh⁴  Senthilkumar Natesan⁵  Shubhankar Sircar⁶  O. R. Vinodhkumar⁷  Shailesh K. Patel⁸  Jörn Klein⁹  Parastoo Rahimi¹⁰  Kuldeep Dhama¹¹  Prashant Kumar¹²  Yashpal S. Malik¹³  Mohd Ikram Ansari¹⁴  Maged G. Hemida¹⁶  Muhammad Safdar¹⁷  Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim¹⁹  Mohamed E. El Zowalaty²⁰ 

[1] Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan;

[2] Family Welfare, Chennai, India;

[3] 0Laboratory Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health &

[4] 1Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;

[5] 2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;

[6] 3Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India;

[7] 4Department of Breeding and Genetics, Cholistan University of Veterinary &

[8] 5Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India;

[9] 6Veterinarian, Professor at the Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade de Cuiabá, Primavera do Leste, Brazil;

[10] 7Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India;

[11] 8Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway;

[12] Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Noida, India;

[13] College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, India;

[14] Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India;

[15] Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia;

[16] Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt;

[17] Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India;

[18] Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia;

[19] Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt;

[20] Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;

关键词: COVID-19;    coronavirus pandemic;    SARS-CoV-2;    S-protein;    diagnosis;    vaccines;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmolb.2021.607886

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affecting nearly 71.2 million humans in more than 191 countries, with more than 1.6 million mortalities as of 12 December, 2020. The spike glycoprotein (S-protein), anchored onto the virus envelope, is the trimer of S-protein comprised of S1 and S2 domains which interacts with host cell receptors and facilitates virus-cell membrane fusion. The S1 domain comprises of a receptor binding domain (RBD) possessing an N-terminal domain and two subdomains (SD1 and SD2). Certain regions of S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 such as S2 domain and fragment of the RBD remain conserved despite the high selection pressure. These conserved regions of the S-protein are extrapolated as the potential target for developing molecular diagnostic techniques. Further, the S-protein acts as an antigenic target for different serological assay platforms for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Virus-specific IgM and IgG antibodies can be used to detect viral proteins in ELISA and lateral flow immunoassays. The S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 has very high sequence similarity to SARS-CoV-1, and the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SARS-CoV-1 cross-react with S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 and neutralize its activity. Furthermore, in vitro studies have demonstrated that polyclonal antibodies targeted against the RBD of S-protein of SARS-CoV-1 can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 thus inhibiting its infectivity in permissive cell lines. Research on coronaviral S-proteins paves the way for the development of vaccines that may prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and alleviate the current global coronavirus pandemic. However, specific neutralizing mAbs against SARS-CoV-2 are in clinical development. Therefore, neutralizing antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 S-protein are promising specific antiviral therapeutics for pre-and post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We hereby review the approaches taken by researchers across the world to use spike gene and S-glycoprotein for the development of effective diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics against SARA-CoV-2 infection the COVID-19 pandemic.

【 授权许可】

Unknown