Group Influences on Children’s Delay of Gratification: Testing the Roles of Culture and Personal Connections

Collabra: Psychology

卷:6

Laura E. Michaelson¹  Yuko Munakata²  Ryan M. Guild³  Sabine Doebel⁴  Satoru Saito⁵  Kaichi Yanaoka⁶ 

[1] American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC;

[2] Department of Psychology and Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA;

[3] Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO;

[4] Department of Psychology, George Mason University, VA;

[5] Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto;

[6] Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo;

关键词: self-control;    executive function;    social influences;    cognitive development;    open data;    open materials;    preregistered;    culture;    group identity;   

DOI  :  10.1525/collabra.265

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Delaying gratification can be difficult, especially for children. Social factors such as group norms influence whether children delay gratification and may shape their life trajectories. However, such influences have been tested experimentally only in American contexts and may not generalize, given differences among cultures in personal connections and group dynamics. We tested the influences of groups and personal connections on delaying gratification in 106 Japanese preschoolers. Extending previous findings with American preschoolers, Japanese children also delayed gratification and valued delaying gratification more if they believed that their group delayed gratification (and an outgroup did not) than if they believed that their group did not delay gratification (and an outgroup did). Group identity shifted toward the outgroup when Japanese children had a personal connection to the outgroup, but they nonetheless followed the behavior of their ingroup in delaying gratification. These findings highlight similarities and potential differences in social influences across cultures, and underscore the importance of cross-cultural work for theories of development.

【 授权许可】

Unknown