Insects, Rodents, and Pets as Reservoirs, Vectors, and Sentinels of Antimicrobial Resistance

Antibiotics

卷:10

AkebeAbia Luther King¹  Willis Gwenzi²  Tendai Musvuugwa³  Piotr Rzymski⁴  Norah Muisa-Zikali⁵  Nhamo Chaukura⁶  Charles Teta⁷ 

[1] Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;

[2] Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Mount. Pleasant, Harare P.O. Box MP167, Zimbabwe;

[3] Department of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley 8300, South Africa;

[4] Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;

[5] Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Private Bag, Chinhoyi 7724, Zimbabwe;

[6] Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley 8300, South Africa;

[7] Future Water Institute, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;

关键词: antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms;    antimicrobial resistance genes;    companion animals;    human exposure pathways;    human health risks;    quantitative microbial risk assessment;   

DOI  :  10.3390/antibiotics10010068

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

This paper reviews the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in insects, rodents, and pets. Insects (e.g., houseflies, cockroaches), rodents (rats, mice), and pets (dogs, cats) act as reservoirs of AMR for first-line and last-resort antimicrobial agents. AMR proliferates in insects, rodents, and pets, and their skin and gut systems. Subsequently, insects, rodents, and pets act as vectors that disseminate AMR to humans via direct contact, human food contamination, and horizontal gene transfer. Thus, insects, rodents, and pets might act as sentinels or bioindicators of AMR. Human health risks are discussed, including those unique to low-income countries. Current evidence on human health risks is largely inferential and based on qualitative data, but comprehensive statistics based on quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) are still lacking. Hence, tracing human health risks of AMR to insects, rodents, and pets, remains a challenge. To safeguard human health, mitigation measures are proposed, based on the one-health approach. Future research should include human health risk analysis using QMRA, and the application of in-silico techniques, genomics, network analysis, and ’big data’ analytical tools to understand the role of household insects, rodents, and pets in the persistence, circulation, and health risks of AMR.

【 授权许可】

Unknown