Surface environment of Phobos and Phobos simulant UTPS

Earth, Planets and Space

Paul A. Abell¹  Naoya Sakatani²  Tomoki Nakamura³  Masafumi Tsukamoto⁴  Makito Kobayashi⁴  Sho Sasaki⁵  Naoki Terada⁶  Daniel T. Britt⁷  Naoyuki Hirata⁸  Akiko M. Nakamura⁸  Shogo Okamoto⁹  Yuki Nishio⁹  Hideaki Miyamoto⁹  Takafumi Niihara⁹  Katsuro Mogi⁹  Yuta Shimizu⁹  Yuichiro Ota⁹  Tomohiro Takemura⁹  Konrad Willner^1,10  Katharina A. Otto^1,10  Matthias Grott^1,10  Jens Biele^1,11  Naomi Murdoch^1,12  Hiroshi Kikuchi^1,13  Masatsugu Otsuki^1,13  Takane Imada^1,13  Tomohiro Usui^1,13  Kazunori Ogawa^1,13  Shingo Kameda^1,14  Maria A. Barucci^1,15  Erik Asphaug^1,16  Ronald-Louis Ballouz^1,16  Peng K. Hong^1,17  Hiroki Senshu^1,17  Koji Wada^1,17  Hideitsu Hino^1,18  Olivier S. Banouin^1,19  Ryodo Hemmi^2,20  Nicola Baresi^2,21  Patrick Michel^2,22  Guy Libourel^2,22 

[1] Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, 77058, Houston, TX, USA;College of Science, Rikkyo University, 171-8501, Tokyo, Japan;Department of Earth Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan;Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan;Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, 560-0043, Osaka, Japan;Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan;Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 32816, Orlando, FL, USA;Department of Planetology, Kobe University, 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan;Department of Systems Innovation, University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan;German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstr. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany;German Aerospace Center, 51147, Köln, Germany;Institut Supérieur de l’Aéronautique et de l’Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université de Toulouse, 31400, Toulouse, France;Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 252-5210, Kanagawa, Japan;Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 252-5210, Kanagawa, Japan;College of Science, Rikkyo University, 171-8501, Tokyo, Japan;LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92195, Meudon, France;Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 85721, Tucson, AZ, USA;Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, 275-0016, Chiba, Japan;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 190-8562, Tokyo, Japan;The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 20723, Laurel, MD, USA;University Museum, University of Tokyo, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan;University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK;Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, 06304, Nice Cedex 4, France;

关键词: MMX;    Phobos;    Deimos;    Surface environment;    Simulant;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40623-021-01406-3

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

The Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission will study the Martian moons Phobos and Deimos, Mars, and their environments. The mission scenario includes both landing on the surface of Phobos to collect samples and deploying a small rover for in situ observations. Engineering safeties and scientific planning for these operations require appropriate evaluations of the surface environment of Phobos. Thus, the mission team organized the Landing Operation Working Team (LOWT) and Surface Science and Geology Sub-Science Team (SSG-SST), whose view of the Phobos environment is summarized in this paper. While orbital and large-scale characteristics of Phobos are relatively well known, characteristics of the surface regolith, including the particle size-distributions, the packing density, and the mechanical properties, are difficult to constrain. Therefore, we developed several types of simulated soil materials (simulant), such as UTPS-TB (University of Tokyo Phobos Simulant, Tagish Lake based), UTPS-IB (Impact-hypothesis based), and UTPS-S (Simpler version) for engineering and scientific evaluation experiments.

【 授权许可】

CC BY