Ageing rate of older adults affects the factors associated with, and the determinants of malnutrition in the community: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

BMC Geriatrics

Patricia Dominguez Castro¹  Clare A. Corish¹  Lauren C. Power¹  Meabh Lane²  Michelle Clarke³  Laura A. Bardon³  Eileen R. Gibney³  Maria Gabriella Bizzaro⁴  Katherine Loayza Villarroel⁴ 

[1] Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland;School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland;School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland;School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland;Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland;School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland;

关键词: Undernutrition;    Older adults;    Determinants;    Malnutrition;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12877-021-02583-2

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundMalnutrition negatively impacts on health, quality of life and disease outcomes in older adults. The reported factors associated with, and determinants of malnutrition, are inconsistent between studies. These factors may vary according to differences in rate of ageing. This review critically examines the evidence for the most frequently reported sociodemographic factors and determinants of malnutrition and identifies differences according to rates of ageing.MethodsA systematic search of the PubMed Central and Embase databases was conducted in April 2019 to identify papers on ageing and poor nutritional status. Numerous factors were identified, including factors from demographic, food intake, lifestyle, social, physical functioning, psychological and disease-related domains. Where possible, community-dwelling populations assessed within the included studies (N = 68) were categorised according to their ageing rate: ‘successful’, ‘usual’ or ‘accelerated’.ResultsLow education level and unmarried status appear to be more frequently associated with malnutrition within the successful ageing category. Indicators of declining mobility and function are associated with malnutrition and increase in severity across the ageing categories. Falls and hospitalisation are associated with malnutrition irrespective of rate of ageing. Factors associated with malnutrition from the food intake, social and disease-related domains increase in severity in the accelerated ageing category. Having a cognitive impairment appears to be a determinant of malnutrition in successfully ageing populations whilst dementia is reported to be associated with malnutrition within usual and accelerated ageing populations.ConclusionsThis review summarises the factors associated with malnutrition and malnutrition risk reported in community-dwelling older adults focusing on differences identified according to rate of ageing. As the rate of ageing speeds up, an increasing number of factors are reported within the food intake, social and disease-related domains; these factors increase in severity in the accelerated ageing category. Knowledge of the specific factors and determinants associated with malnutrition according to older adults’ ageing rate could contribute to the identification and prevention of malnutrition. As most studies included in this review were cross-sectional, longitudinal studies and meta-analyses comprehensively assessing potential contributory factors are required to establish the true determinants of malnutrition.

【 授权许可】

CC BY