Operationalising the 20-minute neighbourhood

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Lukar E. Thornton¹  Neil T. Coffee²  Mark Daniel³  Basile Chaix⁴  Kylie Ball⁵  Laura Oostenbach⁵  Keren Best⁵  Ralf-Dieter Schroers⁶  Karen E. Lamb⁷  Yan Kestens⁸ 

[1] Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia;Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia;Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia;Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France;Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia;Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia;Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia;Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia;Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia;École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Montreal, QC, Canada;Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada;

关键词: Neighbourhood;    Built environment;    Urban planning;    Geographic information systems (GIS);    Active transport;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12966-021-01243-3

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundRecent rapid growth in urban areas and the desire to create liveable neighbourhoods has brought about a renewed interest in planning for compact cities, with concepts like the 20-minute neighbourhood (20MN) becoming more popular. A 20MN broadly reflects a neighbourhood that allows residents to meet their daily (non-work) needs within a short, non-motorised, trip from home. The 20MN concept underpins the key planning strategy of Australia’s second largest city, Melbourne, however the 20MN definition has not been operationalised. This study aimed to develop and operationalise a practical definition of the 20MN and apply this to two Australian state capital cities: Melbourne (Victoria) and Adelaide (South Australia).MethodsUsing the metropolitan boundaries for Melbourne and Adelaide, data were sourced for several layers related to five domains: 1) healthy food; 2) recreational resources; 3) community resources; 4) public open space; and 5) public transport. The number of layers and the access measures required for each domain differed. For example, the recreational resources domain only required a sport and fitness centre (gym) within a 1.5-km network path distance, whereas the public open space domain required a public open space within a 400-m distance along a pedestrian network and 8 ha of public open space area within a 1-km radius. Locations that met the access requirements for each of the five domains were defined as 20MNs.ResultsIn Melbourne 5.5% and in Adelaide 7.6% of the population were considered to reside in a 20MN. Within areas classified as residential, the median number of people per square kilometre with a 20MN in Melbourne was 6429 and the median number of dwellings per square kilometre was 3211. In Adelaide’s 20MNs, both population density (3062) and dwelling density (1440) were lower than in Melbourne.ConclusionsThe challenge of operationalising a practical definition of the 20MN has been addressed by this study and applied to two Australian cities. The approach can be adapted to other contexts as a first step to assessing the presence of existing 20MNs and monitoring further implementation of this concept.

【 授权许可】

CC BY