Immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of malignant tumor: current statue and future strategies

Cancer Cell International

Wenwen Yang¹  Hongwei Tian¹  Shaoming Song¹  Tiankang Guo¹  Wutang Jing¹  Shiyi Gong²  Chuanwei Jin³  Caining Lei³ 

[1] Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China;Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China;Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China;Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China;The First Clinical Medicine College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China;

关键词: Immunotherapy;    Programmed cell death protein 1;    Programmed cell death ligand-1;    Immune checkpoint inhibitors;    Biomarkers;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12935-021-02299-8

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

After being stagnant for decades, there has finally been a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer with the emergence and application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The most extensively utilized ICIs are targeting the pathways involving programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). PD-1, as an crucial immune inhibitory molecule, by and large reasons the immune checkpoint response of T cells, making tumor cells get away from immune surveillance. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is exceptionally expressed in most cancers cells and approves non-stop activation of the PD-1 pathway in the tumor microenvironment. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can block the combination of PD-1 and PD-L1, inhibit hostile to regulatory signals, and restore the activity of T cells, thereby bettering immune response. The current researchers assume that the efficacy of these drugs is related to PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and other emerging biomarkers. Although malignant tumors can benefit from the immunotherapy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, formulating a customized medication model and discovering biomarkers that can predict efficacy are the new trend in the new era of malignant tumor immunotherapy. This review summarizes the mechanism of action of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, their clinical outcomes on various malignant tumors, their efficacy biomarkers, as well as predictive markers of irAEs.

【 授权许可】

CC BY