Mechanism of cargo sorting into small extracellular vesicles

Bioengineered

Lingxiang Mao¹  Yiqian Yin²  Xiaonan Jia²  Yiwen Chen²  Yuxue Zhao² 

[1] Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Chin;Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Chin;Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Chin;

关键词: Small extracellular vesicle;    exosomes;    sorting;    protein;    microRNA;   

DOI  :  10.1080/21655979.2021.1977767

来源: Taylor & Francis

【 摘 要 】

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are special membranous structures released by almost every cell type that carry and protect some biomolecules from being degraded. They transport important signaling molecules involved in cell communication, migration, and numerous physiological processes. EVs can be categorized into two main types according to their size: i) small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), such as exosomes (30–150 nm), released from the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane, and ii) large EVs, such as microvesicles (100–1000 nm). These are no longer considered a waste product of cells, but regulators of intercellular communication, as they can transport specific repertoires of cargos, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to receptor cells to achieve cell-to-cell communication. This indicates the existence of different mechanisms, which controls the cargos sorting into EVs. This review mainly gives a description about the biological roles of the cargo and the sorting mechanisms of sEVs, especially exosomes.

【 授权许可】

CC BY