Nanotherapeutic modulation of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in acute brain injury

Nanobiomedicine

article

Rick Liao¹  Thomas R Wood²  Elizabeth Nance¹ 

[1] Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington;Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington;Department of Radiology, University of Washington;Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington

关键词: Stroke;    TBI;    hypoxia;    ischemia;    ROS;    superoxide;    glutamate;    antioxidant;    nanoparticles;    clinical translation;   

DOI  :  10.1177/1849543520970819

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Sage Journals

【 摘 要 】

Excitotoxicity is a primary pathological process that occurs during stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and global brain ischemia such as perinatal asphyxia. Excitotoxicity is triggered by an overabundance of excitatory neurotransmitters within the synapse, causing a detrimental cascade of excessive sodium and calcium influx, generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial damage, and ultimately cell death. There are multiple potential points of intervention to combat excitotoxicity and downstream oxidative stress, yet there are currently no therapeutics clinically approved for this specific purpose. For a therapeutic to be effective against excitotoxicity, the therapeutic must accumulate at the disease site at the appropriate concentration at the right time. Nanotechnology can provide benefits for therapeutic delivery, including overcoming physiological obstacles such as the blood–brain barrier, protect cargo from degradation, and provide controlled release of a drug. This review evaluates the use of nano-based therapeutics to combat excitotoxicity in stroke, TBI, and hypoxia–ischemia with an emphasis on mitigating oxidative stress, and consideration of the path forward toward clinical translation.

【 授权许可】

CC BY|CC BY-NC