Brown spider venom toxins: what are the functions of astacins, serine proteases, hyaluronidases, allergens, TCTP, serpins and knottins?

Journal of venomous animals and toxins

article

Luiza Helena Gremski¹  Fernando Hitomi Matsubara¹  Hanna Câmara da Justa¹  Zelinda Schemczssen-Graeff¹  Antonielle Beatriz Baldissera¹  Pedro Henrique de Caires Schluga¹  Isabel de Oliveira Leite¹  Marianna Boia-Ferreira¹  Ana Carolina Martins Wille²  Andrea Senff-Ribeiro¹  Silvio Sanches Veiga¹ 

[1] Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR);Department of Molecular Structural Biology and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG)

关键词: Astacins;    Serine proteases;    Serpins;    Knottins;    TCTP;    Hyaluronidases;    Allergens;    Spider venom;   

DOI  :  10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0188

学科分类：药理学

来源: BioMed Central

【 摘 要 】

Accidents caused by the bites of brown spiders ( Loxosceles ) generate a clinical condition that often includes a threatening necrotic skin lesion near the bite site along with a remarkable inflammatory response. Systemic disorders such as hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure may occur, but are much less frequent than the local damage. It is already known that phospholipases D, highly expressed toxins in Loxosceles venom, can induce most of these injuries. However, this spider venom has a great range of toxins that probably act synergistically to enhance toxicity. The other protein classes remain poorly explored due to the difficulty in obtaining sufficient amounts of them for a thorough investigation. They include astacins (metalloproteases), serine proteases, knottins, translationally controlled tumor proteins (TCTP), hyaluronidases, allergens and serpins. It has already been shown that some of them, according to their characteristics, may participate to some extent in the development of loxoscelism. In addition, all of these toxins present potential application in several areas. The present review article summarizes information regarding some functional aspects of the protein classes listed above, discusses the directions that could be taken to materialize a comprehensive investigation on each of these toxins as well as highlights the importance of exploring the full venom repertoire.

【 授权许可】

CC BY