Covid-19 Kills More Men Than Women: An Overview of Possible Reasons

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

article

Annalisa Capuano¹  Francesco Rossi¹  Giuseppe Paolisso² 

[1] Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance;Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli

关键词: Covid-19;    mortality;    gender difference;    immune system;    sex hormones;    smoking habit;    coagulation pattern;    cardiovascular diseases;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fcvm.2020.00131

学科分类：地球科学(综合)

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

The high mortality observed in Covid-19 patients may be related to unrecognized pulmonary embolism, pulmonary thrombosis, or other underlying cardiovascular diseases. Recent data have highlighted that the mortality rate of Covid-19 seems to be higher in male patients compared to females. In this paper, we have analyzed possible factors that may underline this sex difference in terms of activity of the immune system and its modulation by sex hormones, coagulation pattern, and preexisting cardiovascular diseases as well as effects deriving from smoking and drinking habits. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effects of sex differences on the prevalence of infections, including Covid-19, its outcome, and the responses to antiviral treatments.

【 授权许可】

CC BY